Abstract: The development of artificial intelligence is transforming from the era of generative AI to that of agentic AI. The hallmark of the agentic AI era is the emergence of AI agents. These agents possess the capability to autonomously plan, utilize tools, and interact with the external environment, shifting AI's focus fromwhat it can saytowhat it can do.The development of AI agents signifies not merely an expansion of technical capabilities but a profound transformation in the relationships between humans and technology, and between humans and organizations. Within this new systemic framework, the nature and content of national security risks have undergone significant changes. Domains such as military, political, and cybersecurity, as well as the security of critical infrastructure, are all experiencing marked shifts under the impact of AI agents. Security risks across these various domains manifest differently over short, medium, and long terms, reshaping the national security landscape at multiple levels.To address the challenges posed by AI agents, the United States, Europe, Russia, and Japan have accumulated valuable governance experience.Through precise positioning and agile governance strategies, China has achieved notable success in this area, offering a valuable reference for AI governance worldwide.
Keywords: solidarity, autonomy, informed consent, research ethics, medical ethics
Authors：Yijie Wang, Guoyu Wang
Source：Wang, Y. J., & Wang, G. Y. (2026). From “autonomy” to “solidarity”: Expansion of principles and paradigm shift in medical research ethics. *Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)*, (4).
Publish Date：2026/8/16
Original Link: 
从“自主”走向“共济”——医学研究伦理的原则拓展与范式转型 .pdf
