The 12th Beijing Xiangshan Forum was held from September 17 to 19, 2025 at the Beijing International Convention Center. On the afternoon of September 17, a key agenda item of the forum, a dialogue among renowned Chinese and international experts, officially opened. Experts and scholars from multiple countries held discussions under the theme of “AI Technology Development and Governance.”Challenges in global AI governance, as well as how to promote AI development that is inclusive and oriented toward the public good, were among the focal issues for participants.Professor Chen Zhimin, Vice President of Fudan University and Executive Director of the Center for Global AI Innovative Governance, delivered a featured address and took part in the discussion.
Professor Chen noted that AI development faces multidimensional challenges.
On the technology front, AI involves both inherent vulnerabilities and derivative risks. Inherent vulnerabilities mainly stem from limitations in model design, such as the “black-box” problem and the resulting lack of explainability. Meanwhile, the misuse of technologies such as deepfakes can lead to derivative risks, including AI-enabled criminal activity.
On the development front, Professor Chen observed that a small number of developed countries and leading enterprises have monopolized the core technologies needed for AI advancement, narrowing development space for developing countries. At the same time, developing countries often lack critical infrastructure, rely excessively on external technologies, and find it difficult to overcome structural disadvantages that can leave them behind from the outset.
On the governance front, governance frameworks across international organizations and among countries remain dispersed, with limited effective coordination mechanisms—resulting in pronounced fragmentation.
Against the complex landscape of global AI governance, Professor Chen emphasized that China is actively contributing to international efforts and remains committed to promoting AI development that is inclusive and beneficial, and that advances the public good.
